{"id":3259,"date":"2022-04-25T07:47:53","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T07:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/restlesscoffeeholic.com\/?p=3259"},"modified":"2023-11-12T13:02:38","modified_gmt":"2023-11-12T13:02:38","slug":"portekizde-karanfil-devrimi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.restlesscoffeeholic.com\/tr\/travel\/portekizde-karanfil-devrimi-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Portekiz’de Karanfil Devrimi – 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Portekiz'de Karanfil Devrim<\/b>i<\/u>

\u00dclkenin Ba\u015f\u0131ndan Mutfa\u011fa \"D\u00fc\u015fen\" Diktat\u00f6r,
Korkusuz General ve Devrim'in Etkileyici Hik\u00e2yesi<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bask\u0131, bas\u0131n sans\u00fcr\u00fc, devletin din adamlar\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ili\u015fkisi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar…<\/p>

Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n merkezinde tek bir adam: Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri zorbal\u0131k, bask\u0131 ve esarete kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikleri direni\u015f sonras\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini geri alan \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede oldu\u011fu gibi, Portekiz\u2019de de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa giden yolculu\u011fun ard\u0131nda fedakarl\u0131klarla ve g\u00f6z\u00fc pek kahramanlarla dolu bir m\u00fccadele yat\u0131yor.<\/p>

Dile kolay, kalbe a\u011f\u0131r fakat yine de gurur verici bir m\u00fccadele…<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Komutan Salgueiro Maia (solda) Lizbon'da ihtil\u00e2l olaylar\u0131na \u00f6nderlik ediyor. (25 Nisan 1974)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Her \u015fey bir spatula ile ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>

Evet, bildi\u011finiz, mutfakta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z spatula ile.<\/p>

Portekiz mutfa\u011f\u0131na girdi\u011fimde, bizim spatula dedi\u011fimiz \u015feyin Portekizliler taraf\u0131ndan “Salazar” olarak an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendim.<\/p>

Neredeyse yar\u0131m as\u0131r boyunca \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten diktat\u00f6rlerinin ad\u0131n\u0131, mutfakta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu alete vermi\u015flerdi.<\/p>

Peki neden?<\/p>

Merak\u0131ma daha fazla dayanamad\u0131m ve bu hikayenin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm.<\/p>

Ve bulduklar\u0131mla bazen kan\u0131m dondu, bazen heyecanland\u0131m, bazen de h\u00fcz\u00fcnlendim.\u00a0<\/p>

Size \u00f6yle bir hikaye anlataca\u011f\u0131m ki, okurken zaman\u0131n nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fini anlamayacak, \u00e7o\u011fu yerde i\u00e7iniz \u00fcrperecek ve bitirdi\u011finizde, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerden ge\u00e7mi\u015f halde bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z kendinizi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bug\u00fcn 25 Nisan. Portekiz\u2019de Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k G\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/div>
\u00a0<\/div>

Her yer karanfillerle donat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 25 Nisan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Karanfil Devrimi ile, Portekizliler \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine giden yolu a\u00e7t\u0131lar.<\/p>

Peki, \u00fclke bu ak\u0131bete nas\u0131l s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi? Neden bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi verilmek zorunda kal\u0131nd\u0131? \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kan yolda ne fedakarl\u0131klar yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/p>

Ve devrim neden Karanfil Devrimi olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/p>

Uzun zaman havas\u0131n\u0131 soludu\u011fum Portekiz\u2019de \u015fans eseri kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ve hepimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ders olan bu hikaye o kadar etkileyiciydi ki, hakk\u0131n\u0131 verebilmek i\u00e7in neredeyse iki y\u0131l boyunca ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. Ve bunu bu sene 25 Nisan\u2019da yay\u0131mlamaya karar verdim.<\/p>

Tahmin edece\u011finiz \u00fczere, bu, klasik gezi yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan de\u011fil. O y\u00fczden, kahvenizi al\u0131n, arkan\u0131za yaslan\u0131n ve Portekiz\u2019in bu etkileyici ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin hikayesine, duygu y\u00fckl\u00fc bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya haz\u0131r olun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kraliyet Suikasti ve Portekiz'in Bir Diktat\u00f6r'\u00fcn Ellerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lizbon'da Kraliyet Ailesine D\u00fczenlenen Suikast\u0131 Tasvir Eden Bir Resim<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere, Portekiz ge\u00e7mi\u015fte krall\u0131k olarak y\u00f6netilen bir \u00fclkeydi. Yani, en az\u0131ndan 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar.<\/p>

20. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde ise, Portekiz’de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, Birinci Cumhuriyet<\/strong><\/span> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan d\u00f6nem \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>

1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pra\u00e7a de Commercio<\/b><\/span> (ya da Terreiro do Pa\u00e7o) olarak bilinen Ticaret Meydan\u0131\u2019nda kraliyet ailesine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcpeg\u00fcnd\u00fcz bir suikast ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. “Lizbon suikast\u0131<\/span>“<\/strong> olarak bilinen bu olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda Portekiz Kral\u0131 ile veliaht prens hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder ve Portekiz monar\u015fisi devrilir.<\/p>

B\u00f6yle bir kaosun ard\u0131ndan kurulan Cumhuriyet, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bildi\u011fimiz haliyle tam oturmu\u015f bir cumhuriyet say\u0131lmaz ve haliyle \u00f6mr\u00fc de \u00e7ok uzun olmaz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ticaret Meydan\u0131 (Pra\u00e7a do Com\u00e9rcio\/Terreiro do Pa\u00e7o)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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‘Birinci Cumhuriyet’in \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00e7ok uzun olmad\u0131.’ dedik, de\u011fil mi? <\/p>

Hakikaten de 1926’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen h\u00fck\u00fbmet darbesi, Birinci Cumhuriyet’in sonunu \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk getirir ve “Milli Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck<\/strong><\/span>” ad\u0131 verilen d\u00f6nemin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ar. \u0130\u015fte Karanfil Devrimi’ne giden s\u00fcre\u00e7 de b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Salazar<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Milli Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck ad\u0131 verilen d\u00f6nem, o zamanlar Maliye Bakan\u0131 olan Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar<\/strong><\/span>‘\u0131n muhafazak\u00e2r ve otokratik (yani b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn tek bir devlet adam\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/span> \u00f6ng\u00f6ren) ideolojileri \u00f6rnek alarak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi sistem ile “Estado Novo<\/strong><\/span>” ad\u0131 verilen rejime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.
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Ve kendisi de 1933’ten ba\u015flay\u0131p 1970’lere kadar s\u00fcren bu sistemde, h\u00fck\u00fbmet ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/span> ve ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k<\/strong><\/span> g\u00f6revlerini \u00fcstlenir.<\/p>\n

(Estado Novo’yu “Yeni Devlet” ya da “Yeni Vaziyet” \u015feklinde \u00e7evirebiliriz. Ama ben asl\u0131na sad\u0131k kalmak i\u00e7in Estado Novo olarak bahsedece\u011fim.)<\/p>\n

(Bu arada Salazar ismi, size de Harry Potter<\/strong><\/span>, Karayip Korsanlar\u0131<\/strong> <\/span>gibi serilerdeki k\u00f6t\u00fc karakterlerden tan\u0131d\u0131k geliyorsa, okumaya devam edin.)<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Salazar Rejimi'ne Neden Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck Deniyor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Salazar\u2019\u0131n olumlu olarak de\u011ferlendirilen baz\u0131 i\u015flerine ra\u011fmen Portekiz’de Salazar rejimi denildi\u011fi zaman akla ilk gelen kelime \u015fu oluyor:<\/p>

“D\u0130KTAT\u00d6RL\u00dcK”<\/span>.
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Halk\u0131n Salazar’a neden diktat\u00f6r g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, Sezar’\u0131n hakk\u0131 Sezar’a gitsin diyelim ve kayda de\u011fer i\u015flerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131na de\u011finelim. Ne dersiniz?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1- Salazar'\u0131n Maliye Alan\u0131ndaki Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131<\/u><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Salazar, maliye alan\u0131nda, \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan beri son derece zeki bir \u015fahsiyet. Bu nedenle g\u00f6revi s\u00fcresince Portekiz ekonomisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a olumlu i\u015fleri de olmu\u015f. <\/p>

\u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, Salazar d\u00f6neminde Portekiz’de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen milli gelirde art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. (Tabii ki bu, Portekiz’in Avrupa \u00fccret ortalamas\u0131nda halen daha en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131ralarda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye yetmemi\u015f olsa gerek. Zira bug\u00fcn bile Avrupa\u2019da asgari \u00fccretin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden biri Portekiz<\/em>.)<\/p>

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Elbette Salazar’\u0131n e\u011fitim ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, finansal politikalar\u0131n\u0131n zekice olmas\u0131 bizi pek de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmasa gerek. Kendisi Coimbra \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi<\/span>\u2019ni <\/b>\u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131 derecesiyle; Finans ve Ekonomi Politikalar\u0131 <\/b>alan\u0131nda ihtisas yaparak bitirmi\u015f.\u00a0<\/span>
<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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{Coimbra \u00dcniversitesi, Portekiz’in ise en eski \u00fcniversitesi; D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n ise en eski \u00fcniversitelerinden biri.}<\/b>
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Portekiz’in \u00d6\u011frenciler ve \u0130lim \u015eehri Coimbra’y\u0131 g\u00f6rmek isterseniz, bu seyahat yaz\u0131ma mutlaka g\u00f6z atman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ederim: COIMBRA REHBER\u0130<\/em><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2-Portekiz'de Okuma-Yazma Oran\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/u><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Salazar d\u00f6neminde e\u011fitime son derece \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok okul in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. <\/p>

Sadece Portekiz’de de\u011fil, Portekiz’in o zamanlar halen daha s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi halinde olan Mozambik, Angola gibi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde de \u00fcniversiteler a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu okur-yazar hale gelmi\u015f. <\/p>

\u0130statistikler g\u00f6steriyor ki, \u00f6rne\u011fin ilkokul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okur yazarl\u0131k oran\u0131 Salazar’\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerine do\u011fru neredeyse y\u00fczde y\u00fcz\u00fc bulmu\u015f!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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3- \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan Portekiz'i Sadece Korumay\u0131p Kazan\u00e7l\u0131 Duruma Getirmesi<\/u><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mesela yine, yerel halkla konu\u015ftu\u011fumda; “Salazar’\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en ak\u0131ll\u0131ca i\u015flerden biri, Portekiz’i \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan korumakt\u0131<\/em>.\u201d diyenler oldu.<\/p>

G\u00f6rece\u011finiz \u00fczere, Salazar’\u0131n y\u00f6netimde oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nem tam da \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n patlak verdi\u011fi y\u0131llara denk geliyor<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>

S\u00f6ylenene g\u00f6re, Salazar, bu d\u00f6nemde \u015f\u00f6yle ak\u0131ll\u0131ca bir politika izlemi\u015f:<\/p>

Sava\u015f’ta tarafs\u0131z kalarak (her ne kadar tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k durumu tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 da olsa) bir yandan \u00fclkeyi Sava\u015f’a girmekten korumu\u015f; bir yandan da taraf devletlere sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli olan maddeler (volfram gibi) satarak \u00fclkeye gelir sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Portekiz'in Tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Akademisyenlerce Tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Her ne kadar Portekiz, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda tarafs\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015fsa da , Portekiz’in bu stat\u00fcs\u00fc, akademik \u00e7evrede tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131, Portekiz’in 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fta A.B.D. ve \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 devletlerin i\u015fine geldi\u011fini belirtiyor. (Hemen hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m, \u0130ngiltere’nin en eski m\u00fcttefi\u011fi Portekiz. Hatta iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ittifak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski ittifak\u0131<\/b><\/u>.<\/b> Bir yerde bilgi sorusu olarak \u00e7\u0131karsa, s\u00f6ylersiniz \ud83d\ude42<\/span>)<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunan akademisyenlerin sundu\u011fu dayanaklardan biri, Portekiz\u2019in sava\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7ok stratejik bir noktada -Atlantik\u2019in ortas\u0131nda- bulunan Azor Adalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131, Amerika’ya u\u00e7ak \u00fcss\u00fc olarak kulland\u0131rmas\u0131. Bu imkan\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle yak\u0131t ikmali ihtiyac\u0131 duyan Amerikan u\u00e7aklar\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fcttefiklere a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Ancak ben sadece g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri aktarmakla yetiniyorum. Strateji ele\u015ftirisini, b\u0131rakal\u0131m konunun uzmanlar\u0131 yaps\u0131n.)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Neden Salazar Rejimine Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck G\u00f6z\u00fcyle Bak\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Salazar\u2019\u0131n yukar\u0131da olumlu olarak de\u011ferlendirilen i\u015flerine ra\u011fmen Portekiz’de Salazar rejimine ‘diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck’ g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde temel ve siyasi hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>

Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, toplanma ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f hakk\u0131, din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2026 gibi.<\/p>

Estado Novo rejiminin bir nevi silahl\u0131 \u00f6zel kuvveti haline gelen siyasi ve gizli bir polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmu\u015f<\/strong><\/span> ve devlet, \u00fclkede kat\u0131 bir sans\u00fcr politikas\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u2018Uluslararas\u0131 ve Devleti Koruma Polisi\u2019 olarak \u00e7evirebilece\u011fimiz, k\u0131saca PIDE (Pol\u00edcia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado- Okunu\u015fu: “Pid”) <\/em>ad\u0131 verilen bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n g\u00f6revi \u00fclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ise de, te\u015fkilat\u0131n insanlar\u0131 kontrol etmekte ve bask\u0131 rejimini halk\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmakta kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor<\/strong>.<\/span> Zira h\u00fck\u00fbmet aleyhine konu\u015fanlar g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, i\u015fkenceye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Haliyle insanlar en nihayetinde konu\u015fmaya korkar hale gelmi\u015f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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PIDE Polis Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Amblemi<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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(Bu d\u00f6neme t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici bir zaman yolculu\u011fu yapmak isterseniz e\u011fer, Lizbon\u2019daki \u201cAljube Direni\u015f ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck M\u00fczesi<\/b><\/a>\u201d<\/strong><\/span>ni mutlaka gezmenizi tavsiye ederim. Hemen g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in: BURADAN)<\/p>

\u015eimdi diyebilirsiniz ki, \u201cE ama Salazar sadece ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinde de\u011fil miydi? Bu devletin bir ba\u015f\u0131, ba\u015fkan\u0131 yok muydu? Neden kendisine bu kadar taviz verildi?\u201d <\/em><\/p>

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Salazar hayli etkili bir politik fig\u00fcrd\u00fc ve bir deyi\u015fle ipler onun elindeydi de ondan.<\/p>

Y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc hukuk fak\u00fcltesine \u00e7evirmeden \u00f6nce Viseu’da ilahiyat okulunu bitiren ve asl\u0131nda rahip olmak isteyen Salazar,<\/strong><\/span> politikaya at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra da Katolik kurumlar\u0131na ve din adamlar\u0131na yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftur. (En yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan olan Ba\u015fkardinal Cerejeira, daha sonradan Katolik kilisesinin ba\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli siyasi karara da dahil olmu\u015ftur.)<\/strong><\/p>

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Kendisini Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kalesi olarak g\u00f6ren bir \u00fclke olan Portekiz\u2019de ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fin en b\u00fcy\u00fck etmenlerinden biri de, haliyle bu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>

Bu sayede ba\u015ftan itibaren g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131ran Salazar, art\u0131k \u00f6yle bir noktaya gelir ki, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 kendisi olmasa bile b\u00fct\u00fcn karar mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 o y\u00f6netir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

(Salazar’\u0131n, tarih\u00e7i-akademisyen Filipe De Meneses taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan biyografisinde<\/a><\/strong> anlat\u0131lana g\u00f6re, kiliseyle (ki kilisenin ba\u015f\u0131 da Salazar\u2019\u0131n eski dostu Kardinal Cerejeira\u2019d\u0131r<\/b>) yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda, devlet, \u00fclkede dini tarikat ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f.<\/p>

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Bunlardan biri olan Ac\u00e7\u00e3o Catolica Portuguesa, gen\u00e7ler, yeti\u015fkinler, kad\u0131n-erkekler, \u00fcniversite, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131f gibi farkl\u0131 ayr\u0131mlara g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kollar\u0131 olan olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131da bir cemaat haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>

Devlet, e\u011fitimin dine uygun hale getirilmesi\/hristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b><\/span> yoluyla ve sonras\u0131nda da kilise ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma (1940 Konkordat\u0131<\/b><\/span>) ile kiliseye sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanda ve ahlak konular\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrce hareket edebilece\u011fi geni\u015f bir yetki alan\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f.<\/p>

B\u00f6ylelikle kilise toplum \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahip olmu\u015f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tabii yine de belirtmekte fayda var, \u00f6rne\u011fin Meneses, ayn\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Salazar’\u0131n \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda hakim olan dine yatk\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn iktidar\u0131n\u0131n sonraki y\u0131llar\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131 etkilemedi\u011fini, bu kararlar\u0131 ki\u015fisel, dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne veya kilisenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na de\u011fil, milliyet\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne dayal\u0131 olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7i, siyaset uzman\u0131n\u0131n da bu konuda hemfikir oldu\u011funu belirtiyor<\/i>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Embed from Getty Images<\/a><\/div>